OuhK7Us5WUY/WSaKugSOR6I/AAAAAAAABaM/xVaNg9Km_UEzhp6wbKY-xjvAUqqm66dzACLcB/s1600/Azad-Hind-Fauz.jpg' alt='Philosophy Books In Hindi Pdf' title='Philosophy Books In Hindi Pdf' />Hindi literature Wikipedia. Not to be confused with Hindu literature, the specific literature of the Hindu religious tradition. Hindi literature Hindi, Hindi Sahitya includes literature in the various Central Zone. Indo Aryan languages which have writing systems. It is broadly classified into four prominent forms styles based on the date of production. They are Vir Gathas poems extolling brave warriors 1. Bhakti era poems devotional poems 1. Riti or Srngar poems poems of romance 1. All the books are available for downloads as pdfs, and are free. However, since it takes quite an effort to scan and create them as ebooks, please consider making a. HolyBooks. com download free PDF ebooks Download PDFs holy books, sacred texts and spiritual PDF ebooks in full length for free. Download the Bible, The Holy. Combining the aspirations of JAINS around the globe and Jainworld details of books in indian languages, books in world languages. Talks on Zen, Talks given from 110676 am to 200676 am, English Discourse series, 10 Chapters, Year published 1977. Adhunik literature modern literature 2. The literature was produced in dialects such as Braj, Bundeli, Awadhi, Kannauji, Khariboli, Marwari, Angika, Vajjika, Maithili, Magahi, Bhojpuri and Chhattisgarhi. From the 2. Standard Hindi, a register of Hindustani written in the Devanagari script, are sometimes regarded as the only basis of modern literature in Hindi. HistoryeditAdi kal or Vir Gatha kal c. HnHxqjxt-Y29o-HbdEpGkH-hfZCuDQPoTCAQDcoJlJkHxU06avmmKHaFzinS3njQuPE=h900' alt='Philosophy Books In Hindi Pdf' title='Philosophy Books In Hindi Pdf' />Hindi literature Hindi, Hindi Sahitya includes literature in the various Central Zone IndoAryan languages which have. Literature of Adi kal c. CE was developed in the regions of Kannauj, Delhi, Ajmer stretching up to central India. Prithviraj Raso, an epic poem written by Chand Bardai 1. Hindi literature. Chand Bardai was a court poet of Prithviraj Chauhan, the famous ruler of Delhi and Ajmer during the invasion of Muhammad of Ghor. Jayachand, the last ruler of Kannauj belonging to the Rathore. Rajput clan, gave more patronage to Sanskrit rather than local dialects. Harsha, the author of Naishdhiya Charitra, was his court poet. Jagnayak sometimes Jagnik, the royal poet in Mahoba, and Nalha, the royal poet in Ajmer, were the other prominent literary figures in this period. However, after Prithviraj Chauhans defeat in the Second Battle of Tarain, most literary works belonging to this period were destroyed by the army of Muhammad of Ghor. Very few scriptures and manuscripts from this period are available and their genuineness is also doubted. Some Siddha and Nathpanthi poetical works belonging to this period are also found, but their genuineness is again, doubted. The Siddhas belonged to the Vajrayana, a later Buddhist sect. Some scholars argue that the language of Siddha poetry is not an earlier form of Hindi, but Magadhi. Prakrit. Nathpanthis were yogis who practised the Hatha yoga. Some Jain and Rasau heroic poets poetry works are also available from this period. In the Deccan region in South India, Dakkhini or Hindavi was used. It flourished under the Delhi Sultanate and later under the Nizams of Hyderabad. It was written in the Persian script. Nevertheless, the Hindavi literature can be considered as proto Hindi literature. Many Deccani experts like Sheikh Ashraf or Mulla Vajahi used the word Hindavi to describe this dialect. Others such as Roustami, Nishati etc. Deccani. Shah Buharnuddin Janam Bijapuri used to call it Hindi. The first Deccani author was Khwaja Bandanawaz Gesudaraz Muhammad Hasan. He wrote three prose works Mirazul Aashkini, Hidayatnama and Risala Sehwara. His grandson Abdulla Hussaini wrote Nishatul Ishq. The first Deccani poet was Nizami. During the later part of this period and early Bhakti Kala, many saint poets like Ramanand and Gorakhnath became famous. The earliest form of Hindi can also be seen in some of Vidyapatis Maithili works. Bhakti kaal c. 1. The medieval Hindi literature is marked by the influence of Bhakti movement and composition of long, epic poems. Avadhi and Brij Bhasha were the dialects in which literature was developed. The main works in Avadhi are Malik Muhammad Jayasis Padmavat and Tulsidass Ramacharitamanas. How To Use Hdd Raw Copy Tool there. The major works in Braj dialect are Tulsidass Vinaya Patrika and Surdass Sur Sagar. Sadhukaddi was also a language commonly used, especially by Kabir in his poetry and dohas. The Bhakti period also marked great theoretical development in poetry forms chiefly from a mixture of older forms of poetry. These included Verse Patterns like Doha two liners, Sortha, Chaupaya four liners etc. This was also the age when Poetry was characterised under the various Rasas. Unlike the Adi Kaal also called the Vir Gatha Kaal which was characterised by an overdose of Poetry in the Vir Rasa Heroic Poetry, the Bhakti Yug marked a much more diverse and vibrant form of poetry which spanned the whole gamut of rasas from Shringara rasa love, Vir Rasa Heroism. Bhakti poetry had two schools the Nirguna school the believers of a formless God or an abstract name and the Saguna school the believers of a God with attributes and worshippers of Vishnus incarnations. Kabir and Guru Nanak belong to the Nirguna school, and their philosophy was greatly influenced by the Advaita Vedanta philosophy of Adi Sankaracharya. Audi Radio Code Keygen Mac on this page. They believed in the concept of Nirgun Nirakaar Bramh or the Shapeless Formless One. The Saguna school was represented by mainly Vaishnava poets like Surdas, Tulsidas and others and was a logical extension of the Dvaita and Vishishta Advaita Philosophy propounded by the likes of Madhavacharya etc. This school was chiefly Vaishnava in orientation as in seen in the main compositions like Ramacharitamanas, Sur Saravali, Sur Sagar extoling Rama and Krishna. This was also the age of tremendous integration between the Hindu and the Islamic elements in the Arts with the advent of many Muslim Bhakti poets like Abdul Rahim Khan I Khana who was a court poet to Mughal emperor Akbar and was a great devotee of Krishna. The Nirgun School of Bhakti Poetry was also tremendously secular in nature and its propounders like Kabir and Guru Nanak had a large number of followers irrespective of caste or religion. Riti kavya kal c. In the Ritikavya or Ritismagra Kavya period, the erotic element became predominant in the Hindi literature. This era is called Riti meaning procedure because it was the age when poetic figures and theory were developed to the fullest. But this emphasis on poetry theory greatly reduced the emotional aspects of poetrythe main characteristic of the Bhakti movementand the actual content of the poetry became less important. The Saguna School of the Bhakti Yug split into two schools Rama bhakti and Krishna bhakti somewhere in the interregnum of the Bhakti and the Reeti Eras. Although most Reeti works were outwordly related to Krishna. Bhakti, their emphasis had changed from total devotion to the supreme being to the Shringar or erotic aspects of Krishnas lifehis Leela, his pranks with the Gopis in Braj, and the description of the physical beauty of Krishna and Radha,Krishnas Consort. The poetry of Bihari, and Ghananand Das fit this bill. The most well known book from this age is the Bihari Satsai of Bihari, a collection of Dohas couplets, dealing with Bhakti devotion, Neeti Moral policies and Shringar love. The first Hindi books, using the Devanagari script or Ngar script were one Heera Lals treatise on Ain i Akbari, called Ain e Akbari ki Bhasha Vachanika, and Rewa Mharajas treatise on Kabir. Both books came out in 1. Munshi Lallu Lals Hindi translation of Sanskrit Hitopadesha was published in 1. Lala Srinivas Das published a novel in Hindi Pariksha guru in the Ngar script in 1. Shardha Ram Phillauri wrote a Hindi novel Bhagyawati which was published in 1. Chandrakanta, written by Devaki Nandan Khatri in 1. Hindi. 6 The person who brought realism in the Hindi prose literature was Munshi Premchand, who is considered as the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement. Adhunik kal c. 1. In 1. 80. 0, the British East India Company established Fort William College at Calcutta.